Capital markets, in plain language.

The process of securing funding — through equity, debt, or a combination — to finance growth, acquisitions, or operations.

A model that combines investing a firm's own capital with hands-on strategic and operating involvement in portfolio companies.

Investment in private companies (or take-privates) with the aim of growing value over a multi-year hold and realizing returns at exit.

A measure of a company's total value — equity plus debt, less cash — often used to compare businesses independent of capital structure.

The first sale of a company's shares to the public, transitioning it from private to publicly traded.

The investigation of a company's financials, operations, and legal standing conducted before an investment or transaction.

How a company or investor deploys available capital across opportunities to maximize long-term value.

Organizations — pension funds, endowments, asset managers, family offices — that invest large pools of capital.

Transactions in which companies combine or one acquires another, often to gain scale, capability, or market position.

The system of rules, practices, and oversight by which a company is directed and held accountable.